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17 Jan 2025
Nlelsen
In today's battery technology field, polymer batteries are gradually emerging and are widely used in various electronic devices. Let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of polymer batteries in detail.
● Polymer batteries use polymer electrolytes, which have great advantages over liquid electrolyte batteries in terms of structure. In abnormal conditions such as overcharging and short circuit, traditional liquid lithium batteries may experience temperature rise, decomposition of positive electrode materials, oxidation of negative electrode and electrolyte materials, etc., which in turn leads to gas expansion and increased internal pressure of the battery, which is dangerous. Polymer batteries use colloidal polymer electrolytes, which will not produce a large amount of gas due to boiling of liquid, greatly reducing the possibility of explosion. For example, in some tests, qualified polymer lithium-ion batteries will not have fire or explosion phenomena when tested for short circuit failure, overcharging, etc., and even if the mobile phone falls from a height, the polymer battery will not explode.
● This is a significant feature of polymer batteries. Manufacturers do not need to be limited to standard shapes. They can increase or decrease the thickness of the battery cell according to customer needs and develop new battery cell models. Its shape can be made very flexible, for example, it can be made into an ultra-thin battery with a thickness of up to 0.5mm, which can be assembled into a credit card. It can also be tailored according to the shape of different electronic devices. Devices with special shapes such as smart watches and curved bracelets can find suitable polymer batteries, so as to make full use of the battery shell space and increase the battery capacity.
● Polymer batteries are 40% lighter than steel-shell lithium batteries of the same capacity and 20% lighter than aluminum-shell batteries. This is because it does not need a metal shell as a protective outer packaging, and the battery structure using polymer electrolytes is more compact. This lightweight feature makes it very popular in portable electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets, which helps to improve the portability of the device and reduce the burden on users.
● Polymer batteries have a capacity of 10-15% higher than steel-shell batteries of the same size and 5-10% higher than aluminum-shell batteries. This is due to the characteristics of its materials and structure. The high capacity makes polymer batteries perform well in powering devices and can provide longer battery life for devices. For example, in smartphones, users can use the various functions of the phone for a longer time without charging.
● The internal resistance of polymer batteries is lower than that of general liquid batteries. At present, the internal resistance of domestic polymer batteries can even be less than 35mΩ. Low internal resistance greatly reduces the self-consumption of the battery and extends the standby time of the mobile phone. And this low internal resistance battery can support large discharge current, which is an ideal choice for remote control models and other devices.
● Under normal use, the cycle life of polymer batteries can reach more than 500 times. This means that the battery can withstand multiple charge and discharge cycles without losing a lot of capacity, and can stably power the device for a long time. For example, in devices such as laptops that need to be charged frequently, long-life polymer batteries can reduce the frequency of battery replacement by users.
● The manufacturing cost of polymer batteries is relatively high. This is mainly because the manufacturing process of polymer batteries is complex and requires high-precision equipment and technology. For example, the lamination soft packaging process in its production process is more complicated than the production process of traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries, resulting in an increase in production costs. This makes the market price of polymer batteries higher, and its promotion is subject to certain restrictions in some application fields that are more cost-sensitive.
● The performance of polymer batteries is significantly reduced under low temperature conditions. Low temperatures limit the discharge rate and cycle life of polymer batteries. In some extremely cold environments, such as at high altitudes or outdoors in cold winter, polymer batteries may not work properly or their service life may be greatly shortened, which is a problem that needs to be solved for devices that rely on polymer batteries.
● For some specific application scenarios, polymer batteries have a high self-discharge rate. This means that even when not in use, polymer batteries will discharge naturally, resulting in loss of stored energy. For example, in some backup devices that are not used for a long time, a high self-discharge rate may cause the battery power to be exhausted without being used.
● Although polymer batteries are relatively safe, they still have safety hazards in abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging and local short circuits. Although the probability of serious safety problems such as explosions is low, bulging and burning may still occur. For example, in some non-standard charging equipment or when inferior batteries are used, the safety of polymer batteries cannot be fully guaranteed.
● In general, polymer batteries have many unique advantages, making them indispensable in the field of power supply for modern electronic devices, but their shortcomings cannot be ignored. With the continuous development of technology, it is hoped that the advantages of polymer batteries can be further exerted on the basis of overcoming these shortcomings.